井出草平の研究ノート

Overeaters Anonymous


強迫的な過食に関する自助グループ。AA(Alcoholics Anonymous)が範型になってる。12のステップ12の伝統を使う。過食(Overeat)だけではなく、拒食症(anorexia)、過食症(bulimia)の参加者もいるため、肥満(overweight)をもった人限定と言うことはない。また、参加者は男性より女性が多いところが多い。



AAと異なるところ

Unlike members of AA, however, OA members do not all have one specific and common substance or attribute which causes cravings. Experience in OA has shown that different members develop cravings from different kinds of foods or eating behaviors, and therefore each member has to develop his or her own plan of eating. OA uses the concept of "abstinence from compulsive eating" rather than "sobriety"; a plan of eating would ideally, therefore, eliminate those foods and/or eating behaviors which cause cravings, which provides the member with abstinence.


"abstinence" from compulsive eatingがキー。「節制」である。


Overeaters Anonymousの対象になる脅迫的過食者(Compulsive overeaters)はコントロールを失った摂食と「無茶喰い障害」(Binge-eating disorder)のエピーソードによって特徴づけられている(Binge-eating disorder:Wikipedia)。過食症とは代償行為(嘔吐・下剤使用などのパージング)がないことで区別されると説明されている。DSMの診断基準ならば神経性大食症(過食症)の非排出型は含まれるように思われる*1。また、専門機関を利用した患者は80パーセントが回復への道を辿ると書かれている。

All eating disorders are behavioural patterns which stem from emotional conflicts that need to be resolved in order for the sufferer to develop a healthy relationship with food.


一応、引用を。



「12のステップ」も「食物」バージョンになってる


The Twelve Steps of Overeaters Anonymous

  1. We admitted we were powerless over food — that our lives had become unmanageable.
  2. Came to believe that a Power greater than ourselves could restore us to sanity.
  3. Made a decision to turn our will and our lives over to the care of God as we understood Him.
  4. Made a searching and fearless moral inventory of ourselves.
  5. Admitted to God, to ourselves and to another human being the exact nature of our wrongs.
  6. Were entirely ready to have God remove all these defects of character.
  7. Humbly asked Him to remove our shortcomings.
  8. Made a list of all persons we had harmed and became willing to make amends to them all.
  9. Made direct amends to such people wherever possible, except when to do so would injure them or others.
  10. Continued to take personal inventory and when we were wrong, promptly admitted it.
  11. Sought through prayer and meditation to improve our conscious contact with God as we understood Him, praying only for knowledge of His will for us and the power to carry that out.
  12. Having had a spiritual awakening as the result of these Steps, we tried to carry this message to compulsive overeaters and to practice these principles in all our affairs.


「12の伝統」

The Twelve Traditions of Overeaters Anonymous

  1. Our common welfare should come first; personal recovery depends upon OA unity.
  2. For our group purpose there is but one ultimate authority — a loving God as He may express Himself in our group conscience. Our leaders are but trusted servants; they do not govern.
  3. The only requirement for OA membership is a desire to stop eating compulsively.
  4. Each group should be autonomous except in matters affecting other groups or OA as a whole.
  5. Each group has but one primary purpose — to carry its message to the compulsive overeater who still suffers.
  6. An OA group ought never endorse, finance or lend the OA name to any related facility or outside enterprise, lest problems of money, property and prestige divert us from our primary purpose.
  7. Every OA group ought to be fully self-supporting, declining outside contributions.
  8. Overeaters Anonymous should remain forever non-professional, but our service centers may employ special workers.
  9. OA, as such, ought never be organized; but we may create service boards or committees directly responsible to those they serve.
  10. Overeaters Anonymous has no opinion on outside issues; hence the OA name ought never be drawn into public controversy.
  11. Our public relations policy is based on attraction rather than promotion; we need always maintain personal anonymity at the level of press, radio, films, television and other public media of communication.
  12. Anonymity is the spiritual foundation of all these Traditions, ever reminding us to place principles before personalities.


文言に関してはAAと同じと考えて良いようだ。


このホームページではOverEaterがどうかのチェックリストも載せている。オンラインストアもあるが高い物品を売りつけようというのではなく、回復への助けになる読み物やツールなどが売られているようだ。


ひとまず以上で。

*1:排出型
現在の神経性大食症のエピソードの期間中,その人は定期的に自己誘発性嘔吐をする,または下剤,利尿剤,または浣腸の誤った使用をする.
非排出型
現在の神経性大食症のエピソードの期間中,その人は,絶食または過剰な運動などの他の不適切な代償行為を行ったことがあるが,定期的に自己誘発性喝吐,または下剤,利尿剤,または浣腸の誤った使用はしたことがない.